摘要
目的：本研究评估磨料类型、作用时间及老化对3D打印树脂的表面特性、力学行为和粘接性能的影响。
方法：试件分别用氧化铝（Al₂O₃）或摩擦化学二氧化硅涂层（SiO₂）处理5、10和15秒（50 μm，2 bar）。测量表面粗糙度（Ra）、弯曲强度、弹性模量和剪切粘接强度（SBS）。老化处理包括5000次热循环。数据采用ANOVA和Tukey's检验分析（α = 0.05）。
结果：粗糙度受磨料类型、作用时间及其交互作用的显著影响（p < 0.001）。Al₂O₃导致粗糙度随时间增加，而SiO₂在各时间段保持稳定。与未处理对照组相比，所有处理组的弯曲强度均显著降低（p < 0.001）。弹性模量受表面处理影响，而老化（p = 0.979）及交互作用（p = 0.966）不显著。SBS受磨料类型和作用时间显著影响，但老化和交互作用不显著（p > 0.05）。SiO₂显示出更稳定的粘接性能，而Al₂O₃具有时间依赖性。
结论：两种表面预处理方案均提高了粘接强度。摩擦化学二氧化硅涂层提供了更高的粘接强度，同时更一致地保留了打印树脂的力学性能，且10秒的作用时间已足够，延长至15秒在评估条件下未提供额外益处。增加的表面粗糙度并不必然导致粘接强度的提高。
临床相关性：摩擦化学二氧化硅涂层为3D打印修复体提供更可预测的粘接效果，特别是在无法保证精确椅旁操作时间的情况下，从而最大限度地降低粘接失败的风险。
原文摘要
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated how air-abrasion material, application time, and aging affect the surface characteristics, mechanical behavior, and bonding performance of three-dimensionally (3D) printed resin.
METHODS: Specimens were treated with aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) or tribochemical silica coating (SiO₂) for 5, 10, and 15 s (50 μm, 2 bar). Surface roughness (Ra), flexural strength, elastic modulus, and shear bond strength (SBS) were measured. Aging included 5,000 thermocycles. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: Roughness was significantly affected by the abrasive material, application time and their interaction (p < 0.001). Al₂O₃ produced a time-dependent increase in roughness, whereas SiO₂ remained stable across intervals. Flexural strength was significantly reduced in all treated groups relative to the untreated control (p < 0.001). Elastic modulus was affected by surface conditioning, while aging (p = 0.979) and interaction effects (p = 0.966) were not significant. SBS was significantly influenced by abrasive material and application time, but not by aging or interaction effects (p > 0.05). SiO₂ showed more stable bonding across time, while Al₂O₃ was time-dependent.
CONCLUSION: Both surface-conditioning protocols improved bond strength. Tribochemical silica coating provided higher bond strength while more consistently preserving the mechanical properties of the printed resin, and a 10 s application was sufficient, as extending the treatment to 15 s provided no additional benefit under the conditions evaluated. Increased surface roughness did not necessarily result in improved bond strength.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Tribochemical silica coating offers more predictable bonding outcomes for 3D-printed restorations, particularly when precise chairside application times cannot be guaranteed, thereby minimizing the risk of adhesive failure.
出处
Clinical oral investigations 2026;30(10). DOI: 10.1007/s00784-026-07123-z.
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